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NEPAL HISTORICAL STUDIES
EPISODES NO. 1
DELHI AGREEMENT AND END OF REVOLUTION OF 2007 BS
Beginning
of Rana Rule
After
Kot Parva in 1903 BS, Junga Bahadur Rana became the Prime Minister and
commander-in-chief of Nepal. Similarly, after Alau Parva, he made Surendra
Bikram Shah as the King of Nepal. He took all the state powers from King
Surendra and started to rule in Nepal as a dictator. He made a new rule of
succession, according to which only Rana family could hold the post of Prime
Minister. The Rana Rule was cruel and despotic. They ruled in Nepal for 104
years. Nepalese people launched an armed revolution in 2007 in leadership of
Nepali Congress and the Rana rule came to an end.
Causes
of Revolution
- Effect
of Second World War :- After the end of
the world War II, independence movement spread worldwide against the colonial
rule. Several countries of asia and Africa got independence from British, French
and dutch rule. Many Nepalese soldiers, who participated in World War II,
became politically aware. They had formed an organization called Gorkha League
in deharadun to fight against the rana rule. When nepali congress formed
people’s liberation army, the ex-soldiers joined there and fought against the
rana rule.
- Independence
of India :- Many Nepalese students
who were in india for their higher study, had participated in Indian war of
independence. And some of them were imprisoned by the british in india along
with the Indian leaders. After the independence of india in 1947 AD, all of
them returned to Nepal to fight against the rana rule.
- Policy
of Mohan shumsher :- Policy of mohan
shumsher was also responsible for the revolution of 2007. During his rule lots
of changes were taking place in the world. Dictatorial rule had ended one after
another in the world, independence movements were going on, people became
politically aware but mohan shumsher didn’t want to change himself according to
change of time. He adopted suppressive policy and compelled the people to
revolt against his rule. Due to the policy of mohan shumsher, Nepalese youth
went to india and formed political party and the people’s liberation army
(janamukti sena) to fight against rana rule. Those soldiers who had
participated in the second world war had trained the Nepalese people.
- Division
in rana family :- there was no
unity among the ranas. Chandra shumsher had divided the rana into A,B and C
classes. “C” class rana were not included in role of succession. So they
wanted to end the rana rule in Nepal.
Major
events of movement
When
the nepali congress was preparing for an arm revolution against tyrannical rule
of rana throughout the country, king Tribhuvan escaped from the palace and went
to the Indian embassy along with his family members. On 21st kartik,
2007 BS, he went to delhi in Indian air force helicopter. Mohan shumsher, the
then prime minister enthroned Gyanendra, the second grandson of Tribhuvan. He was
declared the king of Nepal. But india and other countries did not recognize
this act of mohan shumsher. At the same time, the liberation army captured
eastern hill region along with Biratnagar and palpa.
The
battle took place in various parts of the country between people’s liberation
army and ranas. The people’s liberation army captured illam, diktel, aathrai,
terhathum, okhaldhunga, parwanipur, bhairahwa, Kailali, kanchanpur, doti,
rangeli, malangawa, upardanggadi, birgunj and parasi. Similarly, bhojpur,
khotang, dhankuta, mahotari, mahinath, thori, Chitwan, taulihawa. Pokhara,
gulmi, syangja, baglung, koilabas, dang-deukhuri, pyuthan, dadeldhura, surkhet,
dailekh, baitadi, shivaraj khajahani, Biratnagar and sirsiya were captured by
the liberation army with minor battles or without any battles.
People
started to come to the street with various slogans against the rana regime in Kathmandu
and other places of Nepal. Everywhere people started to oppose the ranas day by
day. Many people were arrested but the movement spread more effectively. Mohan shumsher
could not handle the country and requested the Indian government to arbitrate
for a solution. On the arbitration of Indian government king Tribhuvan, ranas
and nepali congress started to negotiate in delhi in 2007 BS. This is called
the delhi agreement. This agreement ended the rana rule in Nepal. According to
this agreement an interim government could be formed where five ministers were
from the ranas and five ministers were from the nepali congress. After this agreement,
king returned to Nepal on 7th falgun 2007 BS (18th Feb 1951
AD) king made a declaration of the establishment of democracy and the end of
the rana rule from Nepal.
Main
provisions of delhi agreement
- Election
of constitution assembly will be held to draft a new constitution. - A
ten member cabinet will be formed where five ministers will be from the ranas
and five from nepali congress to run the daily administration until new
constitution is made. - King
Tribhuvan will be the legitimate king of Nepal. - General
amnesty to all political prisoners. - Agitators
had to hand over their weapons to the government and stop the movement.
After
this agreement, the nepali congress agreed to stop the movement. But Dr. K.I.
Singh, one of the commanders of people’s liberation army in western front
disagreed with the delhi agreement and denied to hand over the weapons because
many people had sacrificed their life to end the rana rule but after the delhi
agreement again mohan shumsher became the Prime Minisrer of Nepal. Dr. K.I.
Singh wanted to continue the revolution but his movement was suppressed.
Consequences
of revolution
The
revolution of 2007 was the great achievement in the history of Nepal. The regime
established by junga bahadur after kot parva came to an end by revolution. Major
consequences of this revolution are as follows :
- End
of the rana rule and establishment of democracy in Nepal for the first time, - People
got rights, and freedom, - King
restored his royal power, - Interim
constitution and interim government were formed, - Development
work started to take place in Nepal.